Efficient modeling of correlated noise

The radial velocity method is a very productive technique used to detect and confirm extrasolar planets. most recent spectrographs, such as ESPRESSO or EXPRES, have the potential Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars. However, stellar activity can induce variations that dilute even mimic signature of planet. A widely recognized for disentangling these signals model time series, jointly with indicators, using Gaussian processes their derivatives. modeling prohibitive in terms computational resources large data sets, cost typically scales total number measurements cubed. Here, we present S+LEAF 2, process framework be several linearly set size. This thus provides state-of-the-art model, tractable computations sets. We illustrate power this by reanalyzing 246 HARPS nearby K2 dwarf HD 138038, together two indicators. reproduce results previous analysis data, but strongly decreased (more than order magnitude). gain would greater larger